Train stopping and speed controlling mechanism



July-28, 1931. F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL 23 TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 5, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet l w m E v m flank C. mill/ding WIT/V555 TTO ENE) July 28, 19-31. F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL ,8

TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 3, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 1 :53am 5, a WILL/Jami Gean qe if Mll/ams'.

WITNESS I hrromvzr y 28, 1931- F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL. 1, 2

TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM FiledApril 3, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet, 4

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.- ilvyalvroms Era/MY C, Will llama; WITNESS Geo/ e fi mLl/lilams. 6' Br 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 MEN \ July 28, 1931. F c WILLIAMS ET AL TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 3, 1925 MNN Elf/llama.

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Z7 4 21/5 G Maia/725; 6120/ 196 H NMN I hm J ly 28, 1931. F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL 1,816,628

TRA IN STOPPING ANDSPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 5, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet '7 Gear/:96 H Mil/ha m,

w/ TNESS V of W y TTORNE) July 28, 1931. F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL 1,816,628

TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 3, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 Evan/2K6. MAJ/am;

Geo/ age H Will/Lia 2765'.

WITNESS HTTURNEY Q July 28, 1931. F. c. WILLIAMS ET AL 1,816,628

TRAIN STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROLLING MECHANISM Filed April 5, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 WITNESS Ge 0 7595 H Halli/Ems.

Patented July 28, 1931 UNITED STA r I FRANK C. WILLIAMS, OI PHILADELPHIA,

TI KAIN STOPPING AND SPEED ,QONTROLLING MECHANISM l Application filed April 3,

: automatically and independent of human 1nter'ference to reduce the speed of a train-t0 predetermined speeds whenever the engineer attempts to drive the train at a speed faster than that predetermined for the particular place under the then existing conditions as indicated by the block-signal system and will reduce the speed of the train to a stop or a slow speed of three or four miles per hour if the engineer attempts to pass a danger signal.

A further object of our invention (is to provide a mechanism of the above character which is operated by waves of predetermined uniform frequency transmitted directl to the rails at the far or departure end 0 the block, the traiTsmitter for each block being operative to control the speed ofthe train only when the train is in the block with which the transmitter is connected.

A further object of our invention is to provide a train with a radio receiving apparatus which will respond only to the transmitting station of the block in which the train may be.

A further object of continuously-transmit from the field transmitting station located at the departure end of each block, radio or carrier waves of at least two and preferably three distinct and different lengthsfone set of said waves being continuously transmitted from said stations so long as thdtrackis danger and to provide means controlled by the block signal system interrupting the transmissionof our invention is to v one or moreof these waves dependent upon the set of the signal for all the block in which said transmitting station is.

A further object of our invention is to control, varyand interrupt the transmission of one or mo'reof the different [kinds or lengths of waves transmitted from a broad casting station at the end of a block, by the signal pertaining to the block. 7

' In order to make more clear our meaning,

we willstate that train signal systems of v de a tram withthree radio receiving sets the present day are automatic and operate so that the presence of a train in a partlcular block .will throw a signal to danger.posi-' BURG, PENNSYLVANIA AND GEORGE nawxnnmus, on fianms- 1925. Serial No. 20,331. tion atthe beginning of the block in which the train is and will throw the signal of the block behind that one't'ocaution position and the one behind that to clear position.

Thus, each train may be said to control three signals, namely, the one last passed by the train which is danger; the next behind that, which is caution and the next behind that, which is safety or clear.' I 1 It is theob'ect of our nvention to control the transmission of waves from each station by a block signal of the block to which the transmitting station-is connected-so that when the signal is set to danger no Waves will be transmitted from the transmittingstation of that block to the rails of said block; when the signal is set to caution, only two kinds I of waves or waves of two different lengths are transmitted to the rails from that transmittlng station, and when the signal is set to clear waves of three different lengths will be simultaneously transmitted from said field station; and to so connect the transmittln g station to the track that the waves transmltted or broadcasted, will be received only PATENT OFFICE 9 by the receiving set of a train when the train isVi-n the block which is controlled by that signal and to which that transmitter is connected. 1 ,1

A further object of our invention is to provide a train with three radio receiving sets, each tuned to respond to but one of the three kinds or len hs of waves broadcast from the field or trac, transmitting station, said three recelving sets being operative to display cab s gnal lights which may, for convenience, be

termed reen for safety, yellow for caution; an red for danger, and also a fourth cab slgnal light which may be of any other selected color, as for instance blue, and which will be illuminated only when the block must be traversed at a definite predetermined rednced speed, of, for instance, twelve (12) miles an hour, as in passing through a yard or through a block in which there is a sharp curve. I

A further object of our invention is to proso combined and cooperating with a speedind1ca tor,the-thr0ttle or controller handle and,

- the block signal system at a' speed higher than that indicated by the signal for that block,

to'hold the brakes applied until the speed of the tr ain has been reduced to-that predeter mined rate, andto automatically release the brakes when the speed has been reduced to the proper speed so that the engineer may proceed so long as he maintains the speed predetermined for that block or under the conditions indicated by the signal. p I

A further object of our invention 1s toprovide the locomotive or train or motor of a.

train with radio receiving sets which are responsive only to the waves transmitted by the signal next ahead of wherever a train may be and to make the sets operative to control by "their successive or COmblDQd OPGIatIOH an automatic brake applying mechanism, a. throttle controlling mechanism and a. speed recording mechanism whereby the time when the speed of a train is automatically reduced or stopped is automatically recorded.

A further object of our invention is to provide an arrangement whereby if the speed in- A .dicator which cooperates with the brake applyingmechanism indicates a speed higher than that corresponding to the block signal, the brakes will be applied and the speed of the tCII'ain automatically reduced to the proper spee A-further object of our invention is to rovide an arrangement whereby if the speedhndicator which cooperates with the train stop controlling system sticks orbreaks or remains in its lowest .position which would, under proper operation, correspond totfstop position, while the signals of the track are clear, then the control of the train is taken out of the hands of the engineer or motorman and the speed ofthe train is automatically reduced to stop or slowest speeds of, for instance, three miles an hour. Without such a device, with the speed indicator broken, the n ineer might enter a block in which the sige nal tinue at such speed. The object of the presentinvention is to absolutely remove such a possibility of danger.

A further object of our invention is to provide a train 'stoppin mechanism wherein the speed of a train may e automatically reduced to a safety speed of say twelve milesan hourwhich is the speed at which atrain should travel through yards or around sharp curves without afi'ecting the signal system. In other words, the track signals may indicate that the track is clear but the trainspeed controlling and stopping mechanism will become operative to automatically reduce the speed 0 the train to twelve miles an hour through such. stretches if the engineer attempts to traverse the section at a h gher rate of speed.

is set to danger at high-speed and con- A further object of our invention is to utilize the high tension power transmitting or loud speaker with a sensitive master relay which is energized by the current in said'circuit present when radio waves are being re c'eived thereover andwhich is substantially denergized when no radio Waves are being received thereon and to'utilize such master relay to operate the automatic stopping mechanism and cab signals carried by the train.

Referring now to the drawings forming a part of this specification and in which the same reference characters are employed throughout the various views to designate the same parts, i

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing, in a conventional way, an automatic block signal-system as applied 'to three complete and two incomplete blocks with the polarized re lay of the block signal system arranged to operate a series of five armatures comprising the controllingmechanism of the radio transmitting station of our improved train stopping mechanism. In this figure a train T is indicated as being in block B and the position of the,block signals and the signal circuits and the position of our radio transmit-f ter control are shown in correct relative positions and relations with respect to each other. Fig. 2 is a diagrammaticview of the radio transmitting station between blocks A andB of Fi 1, theposition of the signal S- at the end-o block B- being clear or safety.

Fig. 3 is a similar diagrammatic view of the transmitting station between blocks B I osition shown een thrown to presence of a and 0 corresponding to the in Fig. 1. The signal S has danger? position due to the train in block B.

Fig. 4 is a similar diagrammatic view of the, transmitting station between blocks 0 and D of Fig. 1, the signal-of this station beang set to caution. ig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of our .im-

proved cab signal and train stopping 'mecha- Y .nism, all :controlled by three radio receiving sets each attuned respectively to one ofthe three radio transfer apparatuses of the track or field system, The parts are shown in the highspeed clear track condition; that is to say, with the train running at high speed gna over a block controlled by a clear s1 Fig. 6 is adiagrammatic view of the master relays of the three radio receiving sets of the train equipment and the positions of the parts in a hlock in which the track signal/is set to fcautmn and the train is proceeding at a speed not higher'than a predetermined caution. speed. k i

Fig. 7 is a view-similar to Fig. 6 but with the parts in a position corresponding to danger and in which the engineer or motorm'an may proceed slowly at-a low speed of say three miles an hour.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view similar to Figs. 6 and 7 but showing the parts in the position corresponding to a yard or sharp curve speed of say twelve miles an hour wit the 'train moving at or under said predetermined speed of twelve miles an hour.

Fig. 9. is a View similar to Figs. 6 to 8 inclusive but showing how the control of the train is taken completely out of the engineers hands when the speed indicator needle sticks or is broken and stays at its lower position in which condition, were it not for the switches operated by the throttle, the engineer might proceed at any speed irrespective of the condition of the track signals.

Figs. 10 and 11 are diagrammatic views of a slightly niodifiedembodiment of our invention. Fig. 10 shows the radio transmitting station with one end of the antenna wire grounded to one rail, as in the previous construction, and the other end of the antenna connected to the opposite rail of the track. Fig. 11 shows the modified train equipment arranged to receive the oscillations impressed upon the track by the transmitting station through b'arrel or loop collector coils by the train immediately in front of the truck and connected to the opposite ends of the tuned receiver coils.

In referring to the track it is assumed that the track shown in thedrawings is a one-way track, the trains traversing it from right to left of the figures. By the expression beginning of a block is "meant that part of the track first traversed by a train on entering the block and by the expression end ota block is meant that portion last traveled by a train in leaving a block.-

In general, the field equipment includes the block signal system, the radio wave transmitting station and the land electric circuits for operating; the same. The train equipment includes the automatic brake applying mechanism, an automatic cab signal system, a speed -indicating'mechanism and a radio wavereceiving apparatus tuned to and responsive onlyto the waves sent out from the field transmitter and the electric circuits carried by the train for operating said mechanisms and apparatus. I

I In order to make it clear how our train controlling mechanism operates andis operated,

it is first necessary to briefly outline the manner in which the automatic block signal systcm of the road operates and this is diagrammat cally shown in Fig. '1, wherein there is illustrated the beginning of a block A, three complete blocks B, C and D and the end of blocl r E. Between the rails 1 and 2 of each block, there is inserted suitable insulation I.

alternating current which maybe obtained he rails 1 and 2 of each block are preferably supplied with a low voltage two-phase from the high voltage power line 3 and transformer 4. 'The'low voltage signal circuit,includesthe secondary coil 5, lead 6 to reversing switch 7 lead 8 to rail-*1; through rail 1 to wire 9 at the beginning of the block to twophase-clockwork polarized'track relay 10 of the signal S of the block'signalsystem', thence by wire ll'th'rough rail 2 and lead 12 to reversing switch 7 and thence by wire 13 back to primary coil 5. The connections 8 and 12 from the reversing-switch are at the endof each block and the wires 9 and 11' are at the beginning of each block. \Vhen the reversing switch is in one position, such as is shown in connection with blockdl, thelow voltage current will be sent through the rails inone direction and when the reversing switch is in the opposite position, such as is shown in connection with block C, then the low voltage signal current will be sent through the rails in the other direction. This reversing switch is operated from the adjacent signal S. The direction of the flow of'current in the track rails is the same under caution indication of S as under clear indication of S and this direction may be called the ndrmal direction. When, however, the signal S is in danger position, such as is indicated in connection with the end of block C, then the reversing switch 7 will be thrown to the position shown inconnection with block C and the currentwill be fed through the rails in the direction. reverse to normal. When the signal current flows through the rails in one direction, then the polarized relay 10 will throwthe armature 14 of the signal system (shown in dotted lines) to the position shown in connection with the relay 10 connected to block A. When the said current the opposite direction, then said armature 14 will bethrown to in the opposite direction, suchas is illustrated in the position shown under the relay 10 connected with the beginning of blockC. When a train T enters a block, as illustrated in block then the trucks 15 short circuit the signal current supplied thereto from the transformer 4 and the relay 10 becomes 'de energized, with the result that the armatures con-' tion, such as is shown in connection with the beginning of block B." I

' This movement of the said armatures is operativetothrow the signal S to safety, caution anddanger positions, as respectively shown in-connection with blocks A, C and B. Thus it is that the relay 10 controls the positioiiof the signal S and the signal S controls the position of the reversing switch 7,

Whenever the'signal S is insafety or cauflows through the rails in tion positions, the current supply to the rails at the end of said blocks will flow 1n the nor mal direction, but whenever the relay 10 is de energized, then the signal S will throw the [reversing-switch to. a position to reverse the current si'ippli qd to the block controlled by relay 10.

We employ these polarized relays-10 of the block signal system to also control the field 10 radio Wave transmitting stations by making each actuate five armatures r switches 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20. The current for the radio transmitting mechanismis preferably obtained from the high tension power transmitting line 21 which may be a 3300 volt alternating-current sixty-cycle current stepped down by a transformer 22 to a 110 volt alternating current single-phase, 6O cycle current delivered to a circuit in which is the primary 2o coil 23 of a second transformer 24, preferably provided with a laminated core 25. The transformer 24 is preferably provided with the two secondary coils 26 and 27 of a Kenstron or other standard rectifier 28 operative to supply a continuous rectified positive 40 to 60 volt current to the plate voltage bus Wire 29.

The transformer 24 is also provided with a secondary coil 30 which supplies an alter- 80 hating 6 volt current to the filaments of the radio-trons 33, 34, 35.through the bus-wires 31 and 32 to which said tubes are connectedin parallel.

"From the plate voltage bus 29, we provide 35 a lead 36 through choke coil 37 to the pivot of lay cuit broken. I We connect a second choke coil 38 to the a two-point armature 18 operative to close the voltage line to the plate of tube 33 whenever the relay 10.is energized. Only when there- 10 is deenergized is this plate current cirbusbar 29 and plate of tube 34 by a Wire 39', leading to the pivot of a one point armature 19 so that thecurrent through the wire 39 to the plate of tube 34 is broken whenever the armature 19 is in a position corresponding to danger or caution as indicated in Fig. 1. Also connected to the bus 29 by a wire 4Q is a choke coil 41, the wire 40 being connected to the ivot of the armature 20 which is a two-point armature operative. to maintain a plus current to the plateof tube 35 whenever the relay 10 is energized; that is to say,-continuously, except when the armature 20 is in neutral position.

Between each blockis a broadcasting or transmitting antenna 42 connected by wire 43 to the pivot of the armature 16 which is a two-polnt armature always in contact with one of the points except when the armature 16 is in neutral position. Through this armais connected to the busbar and the other.

end of each coil is respectively connected to one side of an antenna series condenser 48, 49, 50, the other sides of. which are connected to a bus wire 51 leading to the pivot of the armature 17 which is a two-point armature maintaining the current close-d therethrough at all times except when the armature 17is in neutral. position; From the armature 17,

the wire 51 is connected to the-end of block B, it being understood that the apparatus is positioned with respect to' the track as indicated in F ig. 1 and that we are describing the system in' the safety positionto the extreme left of 'Fig. 1. The bus wire 31 is also adjustably connected, as shown at the coil 45 by a wire 52 and similarly by a wire 53 to the coil 46 and by the wire 54 to the coil 47. The bus wire 44 is connected by wire 55 to one side of the grid condenser 56 and with one end of a grid resistance 57 around said grid condenser, the other side of said grid condenser, and the other end of said resistance coil being connected by wire 58 to the grid of the tube 33. Similarly, a wire 59 from bus wire 44 leads to one side of a grid condenser 60 and to one end of a grid resistance coil 61, the other" side of said condenser 60 and coil 61 being connected by wire 62 to the grid of tube 34. In like manner, a wire 63 connects bus-44 with one side of the grid condenser 64 and to one end of the grid resistance coil 65. the other side of said condenser 64 and coil 65 being connected by wire 66 to the grid of tube 135. The coil 45 is also adjustably and variably connected by a wire 67 with one side of a plate isolation condenser 68, the other sideof said condenser being con nected to the plate of tube 33. Similarly, the coil 46 is connected by wire 69 to one side of a plate isolation condenser 70, the other side of said condenser being connected to the plate of tube 34.

Likewise, the coil 47 is variably and adjustably connected by a wire 71 to one side of the plate isolation condenser 72, the other side of the said condenser being connected to the plateof tube 35.

From the foregoing, it is believed that it will be now plain that in and by virtue ofthe above apparatus, we have rovided an arrangement whereby the oscillation coils 45, 46 and 47, which are, may be adjusted to oscillate at three different and distinct rates of oscillation, each of which will be transmitted to the antenna 42 and will be bradcasted therefrom. So long in fact, tuning coils as the signal S is in safety position, all

three sets of radio waves will be continuously "bro'adcasted from the antenna 42. 4

Our system is such that a train, whether steam or electric, may .be equipped with an apparatus to whereina-re three radio reoeiving'sets, each in attune with one'ofthe three kinds ofwaves;

be later described in detail,

transmitted from the antenna 42 and operative so longas the three kinds of vibrations are being transmitted, to permit of the normal operation of the train up to any speed at which the engineer or motorman'desires to propel the train. In Fig.2 is clearly illustrated the various positions of the parts controlled by the polarized 'relay 10, solong as e the block A to which the relay is connected m is clear.

Now referring-to Fig. 3 wherein a train is represented as being in block B and referring to the set of signals between blocks B and of Fig. 1 and as" moreparticularly illustrated in Fig. 3, the presence of the train T in block B short circuits the polarized relay 10 with the result that the armatures 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are in neutral position, all of the circuits controlled thereby being broken. The armature 16 breaks the lead 43 leading to antenna 42. The armature 17 breaks the connection to the rail 2. The armatures 18,. 19' and 26 break the positive current supply from the bus 29 so that no current is'supplied tothe plates of'the tubes 33, 34 and 35. Of course, in this position, no oscillations of any kind are transmitted from the transmitting station and no radio oscillations will be received therefrom by the receiving apparatus of the train. Under these conditions our train control and stopping mechanism to be later described are so arranged and operated to apply the brakes and stop the train or what is preferable,"reduce the s eed of the train to 5 ,a very low speed not pre erably above three miles an hour, enabling the engineer to proceed at a very slow speed but operative to absolutely stop the train if the engineer attempts to proceed at a rate of speed higher than three milesan hour. This operation will be describedbelow in v connection with the receiving set carried b the train and the.

- mechanism operatedthere y. a

In Fig. 4 is shown the position of the various parts of the transmitting ap responding to the third position of Fig. 1, that is to say, tion. The signal S between blocks C and D has been thrown to caution position by the 5 block signal system as heretofore described and in so-doing it will operate the reversing switch 7, and the polarized relay 10 will. be energized in a direction opposite to its normal direction, swinging the armatures 16, 17 1.8, 19 and 20 to the left. In this position, the armature 16 throws the-antenna 42 into electrical connection with the busbar 44 and the armature 17 closes the antenna circuit below the condensers 60 wire 51 to the rail 2. The armature 18 will close the plate circuit tothe plate of the power tube 33, the armature 20 will close the plate circuit to the plate of power tube35, but the armature '19 willbreak the plate circuit to t5 the plate of tube 34, The, result of this opa ratus corrom the left the receipt on the receiving the caution posi- 48, 49 and 50'through eration willbe that oscillations cbrres ,ing to the oscillation coils 45 and 47 wil tinue to broadcast from the antenna 42 but no oscillations pondconditions the engineer may proceed at a re:

diiced rate of speed corresponding to caution speed and which may be, for instance, 15 or 20 miles an 'hourbut operative, if the engineer undertakes to exceed that speed, to take the control of the train out of his hands and, reduce the speed of the train to that predetermined caution speed.

' There is one further feature of construction which should be here reierred to. There are certain places or stretches in all railroads where the engineer should drive his train at a relatively slowspeed of, for instance, twelve miles an hour. -These, conditions would a ply to sharp curves or through the yards 0 signals show the track to be in a clear condition, the en ineer might be tempted .to exceed he limit placed upon such stretches con- corresponding to the coil 46'v will be transmitted to the antenna42. The receiving apparatus on the train, to be later a railway station. If the railway I be a switch of any suitable kind which can be locked in circuit breaking position by the track engineer. The result of this would be that for the block. which should not be traversed at a speed higher than twelve miles an hour,foscillatio'ns from thecoil 47 would not be transmitted to the antenna 42. Two kinds of waves corresponding to the coils 45 I and 46 would be the only ones transmitted from antenna 42. To meet these conditions, we have providedan. arrangement whereby station carried by the train of wavescorresponding only to coils 45 and'46 will be operative to reduce the speed of the train to yard speeds of say twelve miles an hour, if thetrain on entering the block so protected is proceeding at a higher rate of s eed. The foregoing constitutes a full'disc osure of the apparatus for transmitting radio waves for each block of the track, the end of each block being provided with a broadcasting or transmitting antenna which controls directly only the block at the end of which it is positioned.

That is to say, the radio waves transmitted from the antenna 42 shown in Fi 2 will.

be received only by a train in bloc B and referringto Fig. 3 the waves sent out by antenna 42 will be received only by atrain in block D and so throughout the entire length of the track. This is because the antenna'42 is normally grounded directly to the insulated rail 2 and because the antenna of the train, to be later described, is also grounded to the same insulated. rail, as will e more apparent when the receiving *appa- .ratus is described below.

,for the automatic closure of the throttle. A11

Referring now to Fig. 5, we have shown air pressure pipe 77 connects the rear end of the cylinder 76 with the upper end of a Valve 78 which normally prevents the pas-' sage of compressed air from the air brake pipe 79 to the cylinder 76, said valve 78 being kept normally closed by a piston 80 in a cylinder 81, the lower part of which communicates by a pipe 82 with a chamber underneath the seat of an upper valve 83 and above a lower valve 84 in a Valve casing. 85. Preferably, the upper part of the valve casing 85 above the valve 83 communicates by a pipe 86 with the chamber beneath the seat of an upper valve 87 and above a lower valve 88 in a valve casing 89 similar to the valve casing 85. The upper part'of the valve casing 89 communicates by a pipe 90 with a suitable source of air supplied under pressure. The upper valve 83 is connected to the lower valve 84 in the casing 85 by a rigid stem 91 so that both valves move vertically in unison. The upper valve 87 is connected to the lower valve 88 in the casing'89 by a stem 92. The lower valve member 84 is preferabl rigidly connected with an armature 93" ogelectromagnet 94 so that when the magnet 94 is deenergized and the armature .93 falls, the lgyger valve 84 falls from its seat and the upper valve 83 falling with it comes to rest'on its seat to cut 011 communication between the pipe 86and the pipe 82,

whereupon airicontained in the cylinder 81 may now flow backward. and out of the vent 95 in the seat of the casing 85. Similarly, the lower valve 88 is rigidly connected with an armature 96 which is normally upheld by an electromagnet 97. When, however, theelectromagnet 97 is 'deenergized, the valves 87 and 88 fall, the upper valve 87 cutting. off communication between the pressure pipe 90- and thepipe 86' and the lower valve 88 putting the pipe 86 into communication with the vent 98 in the valve casing 89. The falling of either armaturer93 or 96'permitt1ng the air to escape from cylinder 81 releases the valve 78 and permits air pressure to flow through the pipe 79, valve 78, pipe 77 to 'cylinder'7 6 to release the throttlelever and close the throttle. It is to be understood that when the throttle has been closed and will reduce the pressure to apply the brakes the "piston 75 has passed the openings 99 in the cylinder 76, the continued flow of air from the air brake pipe 79 to the atmosphere to the car wheels in the usual manner. When, however, for any reason, after having been deenergized, the. electromagnet 97 is re energized,then the valve controlled thereby will be raised and the valve 78 will be ,automatically'closed and the engineer is free/to 9 /then open histhrottle to proceed in accordance with track conditions. In this case we prefer to so arrange the armatures 93- and 96 that they do not fall out of the field of their respective electromagnets 94 and 97 so that when the electromagnets are re-energized .they will automatically lift their respective armatures. Also carried as a part of the engineer motor equipment, is a speed indi- 'cator 100 which may be of any well known and approved construction, wherein a contacting arm 10L swings on its pivot 102 to various positions dependent upon the speed 1 Preferably, the arm 101 has a brush-106' which consecutively sweeps over the segments 103, 104 and 105 as the speed of the train varies. Diametrically opposite the segment 105 is another short segment 107 with which the brush 108 on the other side of the contact arm 101 is adapted to contact when the arm 101 swings through an appropriate arc. Between the ments 104 and 105, 1s a fifth metal segment 109 with which the brush 110 is adapted to cooperate under certain conditions, all of which will be explained below. The position of the arm 101 with respect to the various arcuate contact plates above neferred to will control the electric circuits leading to the electromagnets 94 and 97 to admit or .check the flow. of air to the cylinder 81.

Carried by the train are three radio receiving sets 111, 112 and 113 each having re;

a series of three metal.

ivot 102 and the seg taining the armature 19 of the power 'tube 34 and the oscillation coil 46; while the re ceiving set 113-responds only to the vibrations sent out by the transmitting set including the armature 20, the power tube 35 and the oscillation coil 47. The receiving sets 111, 112 and 113 maybe of any approved type, that being illustrated in Fig. 5 of a standard well-known type, excepting that electromagnets 117, 118 and 119 are included in. the plate circuits respectively of the radio receiving sets 111, 112 and 113, so

that so long as the tuned receiving coils 114,

115 and 116 are receiving vibrations a greater current will'flow through the electromagnets 117, 118 and 119 than when the tune receiving coil is not receiving oscillations. It shouldgbe here stated that the train or locomotive or fnotor is provided with a receiving antenna 120,'having a wire 121 which is con- Y nected respectively to one end of the tuned receiving coils 114, 115 and 116, the other ends of said coils being respectivel grounded to'the engine and-consequent y to thetracks by wires 122, 123, "124. Oscillations received by the tuned coils 114, 115 and 116.

filaments so that when the coils 114, 115 and 116 are receiving oscillations in what would be the audion circuit, the current will be p Also carried sufiicientto keep energized the electromagnets 117, 118, 119, but when, for an reason oscillations are not being sent out rom the transmitting station and consequently are .not being received on one of the receiving.

sets, then the current through the electromagnets'.will be so 'weakened as to permit thearmatures thereof to fall; These electromagnets are in reality master magnets. The are delicate and are p'rovided'respective y with armatures 128, 129, 130' to .con

tr'ol the electric circuits to be hereinafter more specifically described.

The relays or magnets 117, 118 and 119 are provided with shade rings, vide enough residualmagnetism toprevent a slight decrease in the amount of current flowing through ing a release of the armatures cooperating therewith and to insure the retention of the armatures against the electromagnets cooperating therewith, notwithstanding the vibration to which they are continuously subjected due to the motion ofthe train. by the train as a part of the equipment, is an alternating generator 131 to produce a single-phase 110 volt, cycle alternating current. The current from this generator 131 is conducted to two bus-wires 132, 133. The master electromagnet 117 conwire 134, rela and wire 137 mature 129 of the receiving set 112 controls trols a circuit from bus-wire 132, comprising 135, wire 136, armature 128 ack to bus-wire 133. The ara circuit from bus.wire 132,'through wire .138 to magnet 139, wire 140, armature 129 and wire 141 back to bus-wire 133. The armature 130 of the receiving set 113 controls a circuit including bus-wire 132, wire 142, relay 143, wire 144, armature 130 and wire 145 back ,to bus-wire 133. Whenever then any one of the master armatures 128, 129

and 130 falls by reason ofan interruption in the receipt of radio waves-to which its coil is attuned, then the corresponding relay or magnet 135, 139 or 143 controlled thereby willbecome deenergized permitting the arin'atures controlled thereby and to be hereinafter. described, to drop to/theirlowest positions: j

The coil 135 controls six armatures, name- 1 ,146,147, 148, 149,150 and 151 and retains said armatures in their uppermost positions which prothe magnets from prodiicso long as the magnet 135 is energized. The

coil 139 controls five armatures, namely, 152,

153, 154, 155, 156, andso long as the coil 139 is energized, the armatures controlledtherethem in their uppermostpositions so long as said coil 143 is energized.

Refer-ring further to Fig. 5, from bus-wire 133, a wire .162 leads to the pivot of armature 146. This armature constitutesa part of a two-point relay and from the upper-point thereof a wire 1631leads to the pivot 0t armahim 152 which is also a part of a two-point relay. relav, a wire 164 leads to the green light 165 and thence to bus-wire 166 and back to the bus-wire 132'.

From the lower contact point of the twopoint relay controlled by armature-146, a

wire'167 leads to thered light 168 and thence to the wire 166 and back to bus-wire 132. From the lower contact point of the two point relay controlled by armature 152,21 wire 169- leads to the yellow light 170 and thence to the wire 166 and back to bus-wire 132. From bus-wire 133, 'a wire-171 runs to the pivot of armatu re 157 which cooperates with a lower contact point connected by wire 172 to the white light 173 which is in tlugn connected to wire 166back to bus-wire It will now be apparent that when the radio fivayes of three different lengths are being simultaneously received by the three radio receiving sets 111, 112 and 113 and the armatures thereof, 146, 152 and 157, areheld in their highest positions, the only cab signal light circuit which will be completed or closed will be that tothe green light 165, indicating to the engineer that the block-in which the train is located, is clear. This position is clearly shown in Fig. 5. lVhen the signals for a block are in the caution position, such as is shown in Fig. 4, the only From the upper point of this latter radio waves sent out by the transmitter an- I tenna. 42 are those. from c'oils 45 and 47. The current through the tube 34 and coil 46 of thetransmitter station is broken. Under these conditions, coil 135 will be energized to hold its armature 146'in its uppermost position and coil 143 will be energizedjo hold its armature 157 in uppermost position. Coil 139, however, willbe deenergized and its armature 142 will fall to the lower contact point. This condition is shown in Fig. 6. The falling of armature 152 breaks the circuitcomprising wire 162, armature 146, wire 163 to upper point andwire 164 to the green light and closes the circuit comprising wire 162-, armature 146, wire 163,armature 152 and wire 169 to yellow light 180, back to wire 166 and bus-wire 132, displaying a yellow light in the cab, which constitutes a caution signal corresponding to, the 45"v position of the semaphore S. The current through red light 168 will be broken by armature 146 and that through the white light will remain broken by armature 157. Thus a caution T signal will be displayed in the cab whenever a train enters a block in which the track signal is set to the caution position,

When the track-signal is in danger osi- ';ion, as shown in Fig. 3, the relay 10 is sli circuited and deenergized and all the circuits leadingto the radio transmitting sets. will be broken,"with the result that no waves are i sent out 'from the antenna 42.v No radio.

ture146. The circuit through the red light,

125 however from wire 162, armature 146, wire 167, through red light 168 to wire 166 to buswire 132 will be closed and a red light will be displayed in the cab.

In the arrangement here shown andv described, the deenergizing of the magnet 143 and the falling of its armature-157 will also close a circuit through'wire1171, armature,

157, wirel7 2, blue light 173 to wire 166, back to bus-wire 132 and the blue light 173 will be illuminated simultaneously with the red light 168. This, however, is unimportant; the circuit through the blue light might be 1 broken under these conditions by some other means, but in order to keep the construction as simple as possible, we have not shown the circuit'through the blue light as broken when under danger conditions. When there is a stretch oftrack which should not be trav= ersed at a speed higher than yard speeds,

as for instance,'twelve miles an hour, the circuit in the transmitting station leadlng to the plate of the tube 35 will be broken by opening the switch at 73, and, therefore, although the signal may be set for clear, no waves will be transmitted corresponding to the set comprising tube 35 and coil 47.- The condition of the train receiving set under these conditions 1s shown in Fig. 8 where1n the magnet143 of the set'113 is deenergized,

permitting its armatures to fall. The falling otarmature 157 will close the circuit through the blue light 173, while that to the yellow light will be broken by armature 152 an that to the red light by armature 146. The circuit through the green light will remain closed, however, and there will be displayed in the cab two signals; the green and the blue, the bluebeing indicative, in conjunction with the green, that the train is in' a block which must be traverse-d at a reort-' \duc ed rateof speed. The above constitutes the automatic cab-signal system operated and controlled by the radio waves transmitted to the block from of. said block.

'We will now describe the electrical conthe antenna at the end nectio ns whereby the speed of the train is ie- "duced and controlled upon the receipt by the receiving set carried by the train of radio. waves sent out respectively under clear danger, caution and yardspeed conditions heretofore described. I

The'high speed segment 103 is connected by wire 174 to upper contact point of armature 153, the pivot of which is connected by wire 175 with an upper contact pointvof the armature 158. The. pivot of armature 158 is connected by wires 176, 177 and 178 to one' end of the coil, 94, the other end of said coil being connected by wire l791and wire 180 to battery 181, the other side ofbattery 181 I being connected by wires 182 and 183 to'the pivot 102 of the speed indicator 100.

The caution segment 104 is connected by wire 184.to an upper contact point of armature 148, the pivot of which is connected by wire 185 with both" the upper 'and lower contact points of armature 154, the'pivot of which is connected by'wire 186 to wire 17 5.

, The danger segment105 is connected by wire 187 to the wire 17 8.

The yard, sharp curve or twelve mile per r hour speed segment 109 'is connected byv wire 188 to the upper contact point of armature 149 from which a wire 189 extends to an upper contact point. of armature 155. The pivot of armature 149 is connected by wires 190 and 192 to the lowercontact point 159 of armature 1.59. A wire 191 connectsthepivot of armature 155 to wires 190 and 192 and in this manner the pivots of armatures 149 and 155 are connected to the lower contact point 159' of armature 159. The said segment 109 is also connected by wire 193 to the pivot of armature ,161, the lower contact point of which is connected by wires 194 and 196 to the pivot of armature 151. The wire 195 and wire 196 also connect the pivot of armature 156 to the pivot of armature 151. The upper contact pointsof armatures 156 and 151 are connected by wire 197 from which a wire 198 runs to the switch 199 which is preferably mounted in the casing 200.

switch 199 may be of any well-known type adapted to be operated by the lever 201 COD.-

nected to the throttle. lever 74 by a link 202.

This switch 199 is so arranged as to close the contacts 203 and'204 whenever the throttle is in a position to drive the train at or below yard or" sharp curve speed which is preferably above twelve miles an hour. When the throttle isopen to positions above said speed, the contact points 203 and 204 are opened by the throttle and the circuit broken. Below said speed of twelve miles therethrough is This 4 an hour, the contacts are closed by said throt;

201. In this switch 205 the contact points 206 an d 207 are maintained closed so long as the throttle is in a position to drive the train at the slowest danger speed of said three miles er hour but are separated by the throttle to Break the contact of said contact points 206 and 207 whenever the throttle is further opened to drive the train at higher speeds. The purpose and operation of the switches 199 and 205 controlled by the throttle 7 4 will be again referred to below.

Referring back to the switch 199, a wire 208 leads from the contact point 204 to wire 209 which is connected to one end of the coil 96, the other end of said coil being connected 7 by wires 210 and 211 to wire 180 leading to battery 181. Leading from battery wire 182 is a wire 212 extending to the pivot of armature 160, the upper contact of'which is con nected by wire 213 with the pivot of armature 150, the upper contact of which is connected by, wire 214 with the wire 209. The armature 93 of electromagnet 94 carries an insulated contact bridging member 215 adapted to bridge the contact points 216 and 217 when the magnet 94 is deenergized and to be 7 lifted from said contact points, when the said magnets are energized. Similarly, the armature 96 of electromagnet valve 97 is provided. with a bridge contact member 218 adapted to bridge the contact points 219 and 220 when the magnet 97 is deenergized and to break the circuit therebetween when "the said magnet is energized. From battery wire 182 extend wires '221 and 222 to contact point 216 and from wire 221 a wire 223 extends to contact point 219. From contact point 217 a 1 wire 224 extends to one, side of -a recording. mechanism 225 which is operative to automatically record on the dial or disc 226 any closing of the circuit through wire 224. From said mechanism a wire 227 runs back to wire 211 and wire 180 to'battery181. From contact point 220 a wire 228 runs-to the other side of the recording mechanism 225to actu- .ate a mechanism operative to record on dial 229 an closure of the circuit through wire 228, said mechanism also being connected by wire 230 with wire 227 running back to the battery as just previously described.

. In Fig. 5 is shown the positions in which the various parts are when the block is clear;

the relay receiving sets 125, 126 and 127 are each receiving their respective radio waves and the relays 135, 139 and 143thereof are operative to maintain their respective armatures in their highest positions. The speed on the high indicator is indicated as being 74 is open.

speed segment and the throttle .the caution position shown'in Fig. 4.

electromagnet 94 will be held closed through the following circuit, namely, battery 181,

wire 182, wire 183, indicator finger 101,

segment plate 103, wire 174, armature 153,

wire 175, armature 158, wires 176, 177 and 178, through the cpil 94 to wire 17 9' zmd wire 180 back to battery 181. The circuitthrough the relay 97 will be held closed as follows, battery 181, wire 182, wire 212, armature 160, wire 213, armature 150, wire 214, wire 209 to and through coil 97, thence by wire 210 and 211 to wire 180 and battery 1811 Thus with a clear track the engineer may proceed at any speed that he may wish, because as the finger 101'sweeps over thevarious segments, the circuits therethrough are maintained closed. Thus, if the finger or pointer 101 were on segment 104, the circuit through the coil 97 would not be aifected and the circuit through the coil 94 would be closed through 'wire 184, armature 148, wire 185, armature 154, wire 186 to wire 175, the circuit thereafter being the same as that described for I segment 103. Withthe finger or pointer on plate 105,and the engineer proceeding at a slow speed, the circult through the coil 94 would be closed to battery through plate 105,

wire 187 and wire 178.

In 'Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the relay magnets 135, 139 and 143 and the parts controlled thereby in the positions in which they are when the track signal system igj in n der these conditions the relays 135 and 143 will be energized and their respective armatures elevated but the relay 139 will be deenergized and the armatures 152, 153, 154, 155 and 156 will bedropped.

When the track signals are set to caution and the engineer is driving the motor or locomotive at the predetermined caution speed, then the finger or indicator 101 will be on the caution segment 104. The circuit through the electromagnet coil 94 will be closedthen as follows: battery 181, wire 182, wire- 183 to finger 101, plate 104, wire 184, armature148, wire 185, armature 154,

wire 186 to wire 17 5, armature 158 and Wires 176, 177, 178 to coil 94 and from wire 179 and wire 180 to batter circuit through the coih97 will coil 94 by 181. The closed by the following circuit: battery 181, wire 182,

finger Wlll move to the high speed segment 103" but the circuit therefrom through wire 174 will be brokenby armature 153 and the circuit through the electromagnet 94 'will be 'broken allowing the armature 93 to fall rehe brings the train to a speed higher than the said predetermined caution speed, then the I leasing the'brakes andclosing thethrottle 74.

vated and the brakes released and the engineer is at liberty to proceed at that caution speed.

In Fig. 7 is shown the position of the same parts when the signals of a track are in danger position and the relays 135, 139 and 143 are all deenergized. It will be plain that so long as the engineer keeps the train at the slow speed of say three miles an hour the indicator 101 will be on the danger plate 105, and the circuit from the battery through wire 182 wire 183, finger 101, plate 105, wire 187, wire 178, coil 94, wire 179, wire 180 back to battery 181 will remain closed. At three 3 miles an hour, the switch 205 will be closed .closed and the speed ofthree by the throttle as previously described the finger 101 will be on contact plate 107, and the circuit through the electromagnetic coil 97 will be closed through the following circuit: battery 181, wire 182, wire 183, arm or indicator 101, segment 107, wire 231, armature 147, wire 232 to switch 205 and thence by wire 233 to coil 97 and by wires 210, 211 and 180 back to battery 181. It is, of course, understood that the brush 108 carried by' the pointer 101 engages the plate 1'07 wlien the train is moving three (3) miles per hour whichposition is fully illustrated in Fig.7. \J

' If, however, theengine'er undertakes to proceed faster than three miles an hour and opens the throttle to do so. then the switch 105 will be opened and the circuit through the electromagnet valve 97 broken and the.

brakes applied and the throttle automatically closed. The falling of armature 96 together with the bridge contact 218 will close a circuit from battery 181 through wires 182,

221, 223, bridge 218, wire 228 to the recording mechanism for the right hand half of recorder 225 from which wires 230, 227, 211 and 180 lead back to battery. V

In Fig. 8 is shown a view similar to Figs. 6 and 7', but showing the-parts as they are disposed in a yard orsharp curve section wherein the engineer is moving at the twelve mile speed with the finger or indicato 101- in contact with the segment 109. nder these conditions, the speed of twelve (12) miles per hour throttle switch 199 will be (3) miles per hour throttle switch 205 will be open. The circuit through the relay coil 94 will be closed at a speed of substantially as follows: battery 181, wire 182, wire 183,

contact finger 101, contact'plate 109, wire,

188, wire 189, armaturesil55 and 149, wires 190 and 192, relay 159, wire 177, wire 178, coil 94, wire 179, and wire 18.0 back to battery. The circuit to coil97 will be closed through the following-circuit: battery 181, wire182, wire 183,

indicator 101,segment109,wire 193-, armature '161, wire 194, wires 195 and 196 through armatures 156 and 151 and wires 197 and 198 through switch 199 and wire 208 to wire 209 and relay 97 back through wires 210, 211 and (See Fig. 8.) Should 180 to battery 181. the engineer undertake to increase this speed,

then the circuits will be broken through the 8 1 switch199'. There is one other condition which is provided for in this mechanism. If by some accident or mischance the finger stuck on the danger plate 105 and the track signals were all clear, then the circuit through the segment plate 105 to the coil 94 would remain closed as would also the circuit through the coil 97, the circuits being thusshown in Fig. 5 and the engineer would be at liberty to run his train at any speed that he might desire. This is a desirable operation but if the track signals were set at danger under these conditions and the finger was on the danger segment 105, the

circuits through the magnetic coils 94 and 97 would be maintained closed and the engineer could proceed at any speed lie desired. To prevent this latter occurrence, the throttle control switch 205 comes into play, for if the throttle is open to a speed faster than three miles an 'hour, the circuit to a low or slow speed of three miles an hour undertakes to increase the speed and the finger 101 sticks or refuses to move. Under these conditions, the engineer may proceed'at the slow speed of three miles an hour and only at that speed so long as the track signals are in danger positions,

In Figs; 10 and .11.is illustrated. a modified arrangement whereby the waves from the track on field signal system are transmitted to the track instead'of to an antenna. This Ill arrangement isshown in Fig. 10 which is exactly like Fig. 2 except that the wire 43 is connected through the armature 16 by a wire I 120.

42 directly to-the track 1, the wire 51 being attached to therail 2 asin the previously described constructions.

In Fig. 11 is shown the train equipment which is identical with that shown in Fig. 5 except that the wire 121 extends from the top of the coils. 114, and 116 to a barrel loop 234 in front of trucks 15. Said 1oop234 is over and spaced from the rail 2 b s1x. or V eight inches. From the barrel loop 234 a wire 235 extends toanother barrel loop 236 which is also in front of the truck 15 and is similarly over and. spaced from the. rail 1. Said barrel loop 236 is like the loop 234. From loop 236, a wire 237 leads back to the other ends of the coils 116, 115 and .114. From"wire 121,.a wire 238 leads tobarrel loop 239 to the rear of the truck 15 and over the track 2 and from the loop 239 a wire 240 leads to another barrel loop 241 tothe rear of'the truck 15 and over the track 1. From the loop 241 a wire 242 leadsback to wire 237. In this way the oscillations of the air waves or radiowaves from the transmitting station are transmitted directly to the rails and are picked up by the barrel loops in front of the truck and are conveyed to the coils 114, 115 and 116. The

. loops in front of the trucks are the only two that are effective because it will be remembered the trucks shortcircuit the rails 1, 2 to the rear of the truck. The barrel loops, there-' fore, 239 and 241, in the rear of the trucks.

15 are eflective only when a train is running backwards over a stretch-of track protected by block signals in .which case the radio frequency impressed upon the rails by the radio transmitting station would induce similar 08 cillations in the barrel loops 239 and 241 and they in turn would be conducted to the radio receiver coils 114, 115 and 116 to operate the sets exactly as heretofore described.

It is to be understood that the invention above described maybe readily applied to any train, locomotive or motor, and is not to be construed aslimited to either steam or electrically operated trains unless so specifically stated in the appended claims. Many changes may be made in the specific features of construction above described without departing from the spirit or scope of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is: J

1. In an automatic train speed controlling system, the. combination of a track divided into insulated blocks, an automatic block system, a field radio transmitting station for each block, connectedto the rails at the departure end oi its blockand operative to normally continuously simultaneously transmit radio waves of three different lengths, and means controlled by said block system to interrupt the transmission of certain of said radio waves. y

2. In an automatic train speed controlling system, the combination of a track divided into insulatedblocks, an automatic block signal system, a field radio transmitting station for each block, connected to the rails at the departure end of its. block and operative to normally continuously simultaneously transmit radio waves of three different lengths, and means controlled by said signal system to interrupt the transmission of certain of said radio waves,'whenever said signal is inda1 1-' ger position.

3. In an automatic train speed controlling system, the combination of a track divide into insulated blocks, an automatic block sig- I nal system, a field radio transmitting station for each block, connected to the rails at the departure end of its block and operative to normally continuously simultaneously transmit radio waves of three different lengths,

and means controlled by said signal system to I interrupt the transmission of certain of said radio waves from said transmitter when said signal is set to caution and tointerrupt the transmission of certain other/of said radio waves whenever said slgnal 1s m danger position.

4. In an automatic train speed controlling system, the combination of a track divide into insulated blocks, an automatic block sig-. nal system, a field radio transmitting station for each blockgconnec'ted tof he rails at the departure end of its block and operative to normally continuously simultaneously transmit radio waves of three different lengths,

and means controlled by said signal system to interrupt the transmission of all of said radio waves whenever said signal is in danger position. v

5. In an automatic train speed controlling system, the combination of a track divided into insulated blocks, an automatic block signal system, afield radio transmitting station for each block, connected to the rails at the v departure end of its block and operative to normally continuously simultaneously transmit radlo waves of three different lengths, a'

high tension alternating current power transmission line, a step down transformer to sup- 1 radio waves when said signal" is in mit from saidstation radio waves of three distinct and different lengths, said transmitters of a station being connected to the departure end of 'itsblock, of ax train equipment, comprising as many radio receiving sets as there are transmitting sets in the field transmitting station, each set being tuned to one of the wave lengths of said transmitting station, and an automatic brake mechanism, said receiving sets being operative to hold said brake applying mechanism inoperative so long as all the. receiving sets are receiving waves from the. transmittingstation of the 

